Icyo Ibigo by’Imari bisabwa mu kuzahura ubukungu bw’Igihugu no Kwiyubaka ubwabyo muri ibi bihe
Mu nyandiko ya Charles KIE yashyize ahagaragara ku wa 13/05/2020 saa 13:13 mu kinyamakuru le Tribune Afrique yagaragaje uburyo bw’imikorere bwagakurikijwe n’ibigo by’Imari mu guhangana n’ikibazo cya corona virus turimo.
Uyu mugabo avuga ko niba ibigo by’imari nka za banki zishaka kugira uruhare mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’izahara ry’ubukungu cyatewe n’iki cyorezo cya coronavirus, zigomba kwishyiramo imbaraga,zikirema bundi bushya zisubiramo neza buri ngingo igena imikorere yazo.
Ingamba zafatwa uko zaba ziri kose,Afurika igomba kwita cyane ku rwego rw’ubukungu n’imari hibandwa ku bigo by’imari(banks) aho ingano bwite y’umutungo ituruka ku mikoreshereze y’imari yazo biciye mu mikorere y’ibigo biciriritse cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo. Ibi byombi bigakora bitewe n’ubushake ndetse n’imiterere y’ibyo bikora nabyo.
Hari ingamba zikwiye gufatwa mu rwego rwo kongera imbaraga amabanki n’ibindi bigo by’imari mu ruhare rwabyo rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubukungu,mu buryo bw’ubufatanye mu nzego zose hagamijwe gutegura ejo heza h’ibihugu by’Afurika.
Dore zimwe muri izo:
1.Guhanga uburyo bw’ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga hagati y’ibigo by’imari,ibigo by’ubwiteganyirize n’ibigo bishinzwe itumanaho.
Iki cyorezo cya Coronavirus cyatumye ibihugu bishyiraho ingamba zidasanzwe zo kwirinda ikwirakwira ryacyo.Muri zo,harimo ni iyo kuguma mu ngo izwi mu Rwanda nka Guma mu rugo.Iyi gahunda yatumye ibihugu byinshi by’Afurika bimenya agaciro k’ikoranabuhanga bisabwa no gushyira imbaraga muri urwo rwego kubera imirimo myinshi na service bikorerwa mu ngo hifashishijwe ikoranabunga.
Imikorere karande n’akamenyero k’uburyo bw’imikorere hagati y’ibigo by’imari,ibigo by’ubwishingizi n’ibigo by’itumanaho ni imwe mu mbogamizi ikomeye mu bihugu byinshi by’Afurika mu kuvugurura no guhindura ijanisha ry’imari n’ ubukungu (des taux de bancarisation et de financiarisation).
Ihangana n’Izahurwa ry’ubukungu ntabwo rizagerwaho mu gihe cyose nta bufatanye buri hagati y’izi nzego uko ari eshatu. Izi nzego,zigomba guhuriza hamwe,zigahanahana amakuru ku bakiriya bazo, bigashyira hamwe mu gucunga umutungo bifite ndetse hakabaho isaranganya muri uwo mutungo. Ubu bufatanye bwafasha abakiriya babyo bakizahura mu bukungu bityo bagakorana cyane n’ibigo by’imari bibafasha kongera igishoro,bakizigamira n’uko ibi bigo nabyo bikahazamukira mu bucuruzi bwabyo.
Guteza imbere ubufatanye rw’izi nzego binyuze mu kongera ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, byafasha cyane mu kuzahura ubukungu kuko bwakongera amafaranga mu baturage ari yo akenerwa cyane mu mikorere y’ibigo bitanga inguzanyo biyakenera cyane mu kongera ingengo y’imari yabyo mu kuguriza ababigana ari nabyo bibyongerera inyungu.
2.Kongerera imbaraga mu kumenyekanisha no kongerera imari ubucuruzi buto cyane(TPE) n’ubucuruzi buciriritse(PME)
Ibihugu byinshi byagize ikibazo mu gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kugumisha abantu mu ngo kubera ubwoba bw’uko ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi buto cyane(TPE) n’ibito biciriritse (MPE) byahagarika imirimo yabyo. Ibi byagatumye leta z’ibihugu by’Afurika bimenya agaciro kibi bigo,bigashyira imbaraga mu iterambere zabyo.Ibigo bito cyane (PTE) n’ibigo bito biciriritse (MPE) ni byo bifite umubare munini cyane muri Afurika,ibi byagahwituye leta z’ibihugu by’Afurika mu kubitera inkunga mu ishoramari yabyo,igahugura abacuruzi,mbese bigahabwa umwanya mu bukungu bw’ibihugu kuko ni imwe mu nkingi ya mwamba mu bukungu bw’ibihugu.
Ibi bikorwa Kandi byagatewe inkunga n’ibigo binini cyane,kuko ibicuruzwa byabo bigurishwa n’ibi bito ku mubare munini cyane,kuko n’ibyo byegeranye n’abaturage cyane bitewe n’imiterere y’Afurika. Ni muri urwo rwego,ibi bigo bito bigomba guhabwa amahugurwa mu mikorere myiza yabyo mu gucuruza ibicuruzwa no mu kongera inyungu.Ibigo by’imari nabyo bigomba gukorana bya hafi n’ibi bito bibifasha mu kongera igishoro.Kubera ubushobozi buba bukiri buto,byagakwiye koroshya mu nyungu bikakwa inyungu iri ku ijanisha rito,kuborohereza mu kubona ingwate n’ubundi buryo bwose bwabifasha kwagura imikorere yabyo.
3. Gushaka no kurema uburyo bushyashya bw’Afurika bwo kuzamura imari y’amabanki n’iyibindi bigo by’Imari.
Biragaragara ko Leta z’ibihugu byinshi by’Afurika zizahura n’ibibazo mu kongerera imari ibigo by’imari.Ibi ni ibitanga umwanya mwiza wo gushakisha ahazajya hava amafaranga y’ingoboka Kandi ahoraho. Umutungo bwite w’ibihugu, abikorera ariko bafite ubukungu bwinshi butari mu mafaranga yaba abimbere mu gihugu yaba nabo hanze bakora mu buryo mpuzampanga.Aba bose mu rwego rwo kongerera ubushobozi amabanki n’ibindi bigo by’imari.Aha niho ikigo New African Capital Partners n’ibindi , bigomba kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubukungu muri Afurika.
4.Gusubiramo no kongera ibikenewe byose mu imari y’ibigo by’Imari hagendewe ku byanya by’ubukungu n’amafaranga (zone economique et monétaire).
Nk’uko bigaragara,ingamba zashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2008 ntizashoboje banki n’ibindi bigo by’Imari kugira amafaranga ahagije mu bigega byabyo ku buryo byabasha guhangana n’igihe cy’izahara ry’ubukungu nk’iki turimo.
Urugero mu gice gikoresha ifaranga ry’ama sefa (Franc CFA) aho umubare w’amabanki wiyongereye, ubu haribazwa niba aya mabanki azabasha gukomeza gukora mu buryo busanzwe bwo kongera imari yabyo(capitalization), niba banki nyinshi zirimo izikiri nto zifite n’intege nke mu kubahiriza iyo mikorere.
Bitewe nibi bihe turimo byo guhangana na Coronavirus, twakavanyemo amahirwe yo gushyiraho amategeko rusange mu buryo bubiri bukuru.
Uburyo bumwe ni ugushyira imbaraga mu ngamba zimwe zo kwitwararika ku bihe bidasanzwe, ubundi ni ugushyiriraho banki ibyiciro by’imikorere mu ngeri zitandukaniye bigendeye ku bushobozi bwazo bwo kubona imari shingiro(Capitalization) yabyo mu gukumira ko hari ayakwiharira imari yose.
Ingeri ya mbere ni irebana n’amabanki akorera mu karere ariko ashamikiye ku y’indi nkuru. Aya agomba gushyirirwaho amategeko y’ imari shingiro fatizo (capitale minimum régional) yubahwa na banki nkuru yayo cyangwa aho ifite icyicaro. Ibi bigakorwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko banki zakwirundira mu bice bimwe cyangwa mu bihugu bimwe bigize umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibyo bihugu(Union des Pays).
Ingeri ya kabiri ni irebana na za banki zikora ku rwego rw’igihugu. Izi, igishoro gito gishoboka (capitale minimum) cyazo ntigomba kuba hagati ya millioni $30 na $50. Intego ari ugushyira muri buri gihugu banki ikomeye.
Izi ngamba zagakurikijwe na banki zose zaba izo muri UMOA, CEMAC cyangwa EAC mu rwego rwo kuba urwego rwa mbere rwo kuzahura ubukungu,n’isoko y’ishoramari rirambye mu bihugu by’Afurika.
5.Gukoresha uburyo buhamye bw’imikorere isaba ibigo by’ubwishingizi n’ubwizigamire gukoresha amafaranga y’inguzanyo za banki mu rwego rwo kongera imari y’amabanki.
Ni kenshi cyane ibigo by’ubwishingizi n’iby’ubwizigamire bitagaragara mu bigo bikoresha inguzanyo za banki.Ibi byenda gusa na bya bigo bito cyane(TPE) n’ibito biciriritse(MPE) bifite ababikoreramo byinshi nyamara ntibikorane n’ibigo by’imari, bityo amabanki ntazamure ubukungu bwabyo,Kandi ibi bigo bifite imikorere myinshi yakabifashije.Ibi bishobora guterwa na za leta zitabishyiramo imbaraga,cyangwa se bitari byakabikeneye mu izaburwa ry’imari.
Ubu muri iyi minsi Afurika n’isi muri rusange byugarijwe na corona virus, ubushashatsi bumaze kwerekana ko ibigo by’ubwishingizi,iby’ubwizigamire,ibitanga ingwate nka African Guarantee Fund, African Trade Insurance Agency, Afreximbank, BDF n’ibindi, bifasha mu kongerera ubushobozi ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. ibi byongerera ubushobozi ibigo by’imari bikabyongerera imari.
Uyu munsi leta zikwiye gushyira imbaraga n’ubushobozi mu bigo by’imari.Hagomba kubaho ubufatanye hagati y’ibigo by’Imari, ibigo by’ubwishingizi n’ubwizigamire na leta z’ibihugu bikoreramo hakiyongeraho n’ubufatanye hagati ya za leta z’Afurika mu gushyiraho uburyo burambye bwo kuzamura imari.
Charles KIE Co-Founder & CEO wa New African Capital Partners avuga ko rwose ibi bishyizwe mu bikorwa, byazahura ubukungu by’ibihugu bya Afurika.
Charles KIE dukesha iyi nyandiko ni Impuguke mu bukungu kandi ni umwe mu bashinze akaba anayobora Ikigo cya New African Capital Partners, Iki ni ikigo cy’ishoramari gikorera mu birwa bya Maurice.
Afite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga mirongo itatu(30) mu bijyanye n’imari muri Afurika, yabaye umuyobozi wa Ecobank Nigeria,uwa Groupe Banque Atlantique na Citi Bank West Africa.
ISIMBI Sandrine/Igicumbi News
