Imyaka 61 irashize umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa atanze, Menya amwe mu makuru avugwa ku cyaba cyaramuhitanye
The King of Ruanda (Rwanda) Mutara III in his palace at Nyanza. | Location: Nyanza, Territory of Ruanda-Urundi. (Photo by Paul Almasy/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
Abari abana muri Nyakanga 1959 ubu ni abasaza abandi ni abakecuru. Umunsi nk’uyu muri uwo mwaka wari amarira ku banyarwanda ubwo bamenyaga ko umwami wabo Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre yatanze, agatangira imahanga, Usumbura [Bujumbura] mu Burundi.
Imyaka 61 iruzuye urujijo rukiri rwose ku rupfu rw’umwe mu bami bategetse u Rwanda mu bihe bikomeye, umwe mu bashyizwe mu Ntwari z’igihugu kubw’umuhate we ngo u Rwanda rubone ubwigenge buboneye nubwo yatanze atabigezeho.
Umwami yahagurutse i Nyanza kuwa Gatanu tariki 24 Nyakanga, yerekeza Bujumbura, aho yari agiye guhura na Guverineri wa Ruanda-Urundi n’abandi bayobozi b’Ababiligi.
Bivugwa ko Umwami Rudahigwa yagombaga kuva i Bujumbura afata indege imujyana i New York gusaba Loni ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Amaze kugera i Bujumbura, mu gitondo cyo kuwa Gatandatu tariki 25 Nyakanga byabaye ngombwa ko ajya guhura na muganga w’Umubiligi, Dr Vinck. Rudahigwa ni we wari waraye asabye ko yahura na muganga.
Amaze kugera kwa muganga Dr Vinck, yamuteye urushinge rwa peneseline. Umwami amaze gusohoka kwa Dr Vinck, yahise yikubita hasi agwa igihumure mu mwanya muto aza gutanga.
Rudahigwa yazize iki?
Inkuru y’incamugongo imaze gusakara i Rwanda, benshi mu banyarwanda barimo n’abo mu muryango w’umwami ntabwo babyemeye kugeza ubwo umugogo we watabarizwaga i Mwima kuwa 28 Nyakanga 1959.
Bivugwa ko ababiligi bashatse kujya gupima icyishe Rudahigwa, umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda n’umugabekazi Kankazi, bakabyanga nyuma yo kumva ko babanza gufungura umurambo.
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wasimbuye mukuru we ku ngoma ni umwe mu bemeje ko Rudahugwa atazize uburwayi.
Nk’uko biri mu gitabo “Images of Royal Rwanda from the Colonial Period cya Stewart Addington Saint David” cyanditswe ku bufatanye n’Umuryango King Kigeli Foundation, nyakwigendera Ndahindurwa yavuze ko Rudahigwa ajya kujya i Bujumbura nta ndwara n’imwe yari arwaye.
Yagize ati “Mutara yashakaga kujya muri New York gusaba Loni guha u Rwanda ubwigenge. Ubwo yari muri Usumbura, yahinduriwe umuganga wari usanzwe amuvura, amutera urushinge mbere y’uko agenda. Agisohoka mu biro bya muganga yikubise hasi. Twumvishijwe ko urupfu rwe rwabaye impanuka ariko mukuru wanjye ntiyari arwaye kandi nta n’isuzuma ry’umurambo ryakozwe.”
Mu byatangajwe n’Ababiligi nyuma y’itanga ry’umwami Rudahigwa, havuzwe ko yaba yari asanganywe uburwayi bw’umutima cyangwa akaba yaraviriye imbere mu mutwe.
Mu banyarwanda bo byatangiye guhwihwiswa ko umwami yaba yarozwe n’ababiligi cyangwa agaterwa urushinge rurimo umuti mwinshi aho kumukiza rukamubera ingusho, dore ko uyu mwami wapimaga ibiro bigera ku 120, umuryango we wavuze ko yagiye nta n’igicurane ataka.
Ababiligi bagiye birinda kuvuga kuri urwo rupfu n’abaruvuzeho bagahakana kurugiramo uruhare.
Armand Vandreplas ni umucamanza w’umubiligi wari umaze amezi make mu Rwanda ubwo Umwami Rudahigwa yatangaga.
Muri filime mbarankuru “Le Rwanda et le Colonel” yakozwe na Bart Govaerts, umucamanza Armand Vandreplas yavuze ko urupfu rw’umwami Rudahigwa ari urusanzwe, ntaho ruhuriye n’u Bubiligi.
Yagize ati “Tuzi ko yari arwaye. Yari yagiye kureba muganga kuko yumvaga atameze neza. Ntabwo yari akiri muto ku buryo gupfa kwe byafatwa nk’ibidasanzwe. Yafashe imiti ye akererewe niyo ntandaro y’urupfu rwe. Mu yandi magambo ni urupfu rusanzwe.”
Ababiligi nabo ntibahakana ko Umwami Rudahigwa yaba yaratewe Peneseline, ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu gufasha umubiri kubaka ubwirinzi buhangana n’udukoko (bacterie).
Twifashishije urubuga Medlinepuls, umuntu watewe peneseline ashobora kugwa igihumure (coma) iyo yatewe uwo muti ku bwinshi, bidahuye n’ubuzima bwe.
Kubera ko aho kuba umuti biba byabaye uburozi, mu gihe uwatewe uwo muti adatabawe vuba ashobora gukurizamo urupfu.
Kuki abanyarwanda bashimangira ko yishwe n’Ababiligi?
Umwami Rudahigwa yishwe afite urugendo rwo kujya gusaba ubwigenge muri Loni. Yifuzaga ko u Rwanda rwahabwa ubwigenge, ababiligi bakagenda bagiye.
Mu 1956, Umwami Mutara yandikiye umuryango w’abibumbye awusaba kwirukana ababiligi, u Rwanda rugahabwa ubwigenge. Yongeye kubisaba mu ntangiriro za 1959 ndetse kuri iyi nshuro ho asaba ko Loni itanga umunsi nyirizina igihugu kizahererwa ubwigenge.
Bishoboka ko ababiligi batari biteguye gutanga igihugu bari bamaze imyaka isaga 40 bahawe kandi bari barakajwe n’uburyo yakagamo ubwigenge, kuko atifuzaga ko bakomeza kuhaguma.
Hari n’abavuga ko Rudahigwa wishwe afite imyaka 48, yazize kwanga gusinya amasezerano yagombaga kugurisha igihugu ku bakoloni.
Rudahigwa yatanze mu gihe bwa mbere mu Rwanda hari hatangiye kuvuka amashyaka arimo Aprosoma ya Joseph Habyarimana Gitera na Parmehutu ya Kayibanda Grégoire yari ashyigikiye Repubulika, ari nayo nyuma yaje guhabwa ubutegetsi.
Mu gushaka ubwigenge, Umwami Rudahigwa yavugaga ko ikibazo abanyarwanda bafite ari ababiligi babategeka uko bashatse batitaye ku baturage, mu gihe Kayibanda na Gitera bo bavugaga ko ikibazo kiri mu Rwanda atari ababiligi ahubwo ari abatutsi bikubiye ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Abashinja u Bubiligi kuba inyuma y’urupfu rwa Rudahigwa, banabihera ku buryo Guverineri wa Ruanda-Urundi, Jean Paul Harroy, witabiriye umuhango wo gutabariza Rudahigwa, yarakajwe no kubona abiru batangaje uzamusimbura mu gihe we yifuzaga ko babanza kubiganiraho.
Umubiligi Armand Vandreplas yagize ati “Harroy yemeye ko bashyiraho undi mwami ariko avuga ko ibyakozwe ari nka Coup d’Etat.”
Col Guy Logiest wari Rezida udasanzwe mu Rwanda, mu gitabo cye Mission to Rwanda yanditse ko nyuma yo kuganira na Musenyeri André Perraudin wayoboraga Diyosezi ya Kabgayi na Grégoire Kayibanda ku kibazo cy’abahutu n’abatutsi, ngo yahise yumva neza uburyo abahutu baryamiwe maze yiyemeza kubarenganura mu buryo bwose bushoboka.
Kuwa Kabiri tariki 28 Nyakanga 1959, nibwo ibihumbi by’abanyarwanda byateraniye i Mwima muri Nyanza, mu muhango wo gutabariza Umwami wabo Mutara II Rudahigwa.
