Menya amateka ya Galileo Galilei wavumbuye ko isi izenguruka izuba

Galileo Galilei ni we wavumbuye ko isi izenguruka izuba.

Uyu yaravutse yitwa Galileo Galilei, yabonye izuba ku wa 15 Gashyantare 1564, Se Vicenzo yari umunyamuziki ukomeye ariko utarifuzaga ko umuhungu we agera ikirenge muke ahubwo agashaka ko aba inzobere mu buvuzi ariko ntibyabaye ahubwo azwi nk’umuhanga wamenyekanye cyane mu mpaka za muhanganishije na Kiliziya aho yavugaga ko Izuba rizenguruka Isi nyamara we akiyemeza kubihinyuza kugeza ashizemo umwuka.

Galileo Galilei ni Umutaliyani wamenyekanye cyane kubera ubuvumbuzi yagiye ageraho mu bijyanye n’Ubugenge ndetse n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere.

Ubwo yari afite imyaka 17 yoherejwe kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuganga muri Kaminuza ya Pisa, mu gihe yari akiri umunyeshuri muri iyi kaminuza nibwo yaje kuvumbura ko afite impano mu bijyanye n’imibare maze asaba se ko amasomo y’ubuganga yayahagarikira aho akajya kuba umwarimu w’imibare.

Vicenzo yaje kumva iki cyifuzo cy’umuhungu we maze birangira yibereye umwarimu w’imibare.

Mu 1609, Galileo yumvise inkuru zivumburwa ry’igikoresho cyitwa Spyglass cyakoreshwaga mu gukurura ibintu biri kure bikagaragara nk’ibiri hafi.

Galileo yakoresheje ubumenyi yari afite mu mibare maze avugurura iyi Spyglass akora igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kwitegereza ibiri mu isanzure kizwi nka Telescope.

Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, Galileo akoresheje Telescope yabaye umuntu wa mbere urebye ku kwezi maze abasha kuvumbura ko ukwezi kudafite ubuso bunogereje ko ahubwo kimwe n’isi ubuso bwako bugizwe n’imisozi n’ibibaya.

Iyi Telescope kandi yayikoresheje mu kuvumbura umubumbe wa Saturne no kuvumbura ibyiciro bya Venus ndetse no kwiga byinshi ku izuba.

Uku kuvumbura no kurushaho kwitegereza isanzure yifashishije Telescope byatumye Galileo arushaho kwemera ibyihame rya Copenicus rivuga ko Isi n’indi mibumbe bizenguruka izuba.

Iyi myemerere yari mishya cyane ko mu gihe cya Galileo abantu bemeraga ko Isi ariyo iri hagati mu isanzure izuba n’indi mibumbe bikaba biyizenguruka, inyigisho yari yarakwirakwijwe cyane na Kiliziya gatorika.

Nyuma y’uko Kiliziya yananiwe kwakira ubuvumbuzi bwa Galileo, byagenze bite?

Nyuma yuko Galileo atangiye gusohora inyandiko zirimo ubu buvumbuzi bwe ko Isi izenguruka izuba, Kiliziya Gatolika yamuhamagaje i Roma.

Iki gihe yahamagajwe kugira ngo yisobanure kuko ubu buvumbuzi bwe bwafatwaga nkubunyuranya n’inyigisho za Kiliziya kandi ubuhakanyi cyari icyaha gishobora guhanishwa igihano cy’urupfu.

Mu 1616 Galileo yakuriweho ibi byaha by’ubuhakanyi ariko ategekwa kutazongera gusohora inyandiko zirimo iyi myemerere ye ko Isi izenguruka izuba.

Nyuma yo gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse Galileo yakomeje kubona ibimenyetso bimuhamiriza ko koko ibyo yavugaga ari byo, maze mu 1632 ashyira ku mugaragaro igitabo yise Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems aho yongeye guhamya ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri.

Ibi byatumye Kiliziya Gatolika yongera guhamagaza Galileo maze bamuhamya ubuhakanyi akatirwa gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose.

Mu 1633 kubera imyaka ye n’ibibazo by’ubuzima yemerewe gukorera igifungo cye mu rugo maze aza gushiramo umwuka mu 1642.

Byafashe imyaka irenga 300 kugira ngo kiliziya yivuguruze ndetse yemeze ko Galileo yari mu kuri, ndetse izina rye riza gukurwaho icyasha cy’ubuhakanyi.

Galileo yavutse ku itariki 15 Gashyantare mu 1564, yavukiye ahitwa Pisa mu butaliyani. Yavuye muri iyi si ku ya 8 mutarama 1642.

Menya ubuzima bwe mbere yuko afungwa

Ni Umutaliyani wari umuhanga mu bijyanye n’imitekerereze, akaba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubumenyi bwo mu isanzure Astronomie.

yagize uruhare m’ubumenyi bw’ibiyega ndetse yanagiye akora ubuvumbuzi butandukanye bwagize uruhare mu iterambere rya Siyansi.

Vicenzo Galilei ubyara Galeleo yari umunyamuziki uhambaye ku buryo yagize uruhare mu gushaka isano iri hagati y’imirya ya Gitari, yananditse amwe mu mategeko agenga umuziki(Theorie de la Musique).

Galileo mu buto bwe yize mu ishuri riherereye I Vallombrosa hafi ya Florence ryari ishuri ry’abihaye Imana.

Mu 1581 yatangiye kaminuza ya Pisa aho yize ubuganga. Ariko yaje kubishingukamo yikurikiranira isomo ry’imibare. Nyuma yongeraho na Philosophie iza guhindura ubuzima bwe.

Iki si icyemezo cyamworoheye dore ko se umubyara yifuzaga ko yakurikirana amasomo y’ubuganga, nubwo yaje kumunanira agakurikira imibare na philosophie.

Galileo yaje kwitegura kwigisha ubuhanga bwa Aristote, ni umwe mu bafilozofe babayeho mu mateka bari abahanga cyane, yigishaga iyo filosozi akongeraho n’isomo ryimibare.

Nyuma y’iyo nyandiko yatangiye gukora indi nyigo ku biyega. Yo yaje kuyirangiza mu myaka 20 yakurikiyeho.

Mu 1588 Galileo yahataniye kuyobora ishami ryi’mibare muri kaminuza ya Bologna, ku bwamahirwe make ntiyabashije kwegukana uwo mwanya.

Nubwo byari bimeze gutyo, yakomeje kwamamara kugeza naho yaje kubona amahirwe yo gutanga amasomo abiri muri Florentine Academy.

Mu nama mpuzamahanga yari iteraniyemo abahanga mu bumenyi naho yagaragarijemo ubuhanga buhanitse, ku buryo ikintu kiri ku butaka kiba kiremereye cyagera mu kirere kikoroha, cyangwa se Centre de Gravite.

Hari nyandiko nayo yandikishije intoki yitwa Manuscript irakwirakwira imwongera igikundiro mu bahanga bagenzi be. Amaze kumenyekana cyane, noneho yaje gutsindira ya ntebe yo kuyobora ishami ryimibare muri kaminuza ya Pisa mu 1589.

Mu kwezi kwa munani mu mwaka w’1609 yamuritse Telescope ifite utwuma umunani tuyongerera ububasha. Icyo gihe yari imbere ya sena yo mu Butaliyani.

Bakiriye neza iyo telescope noneho anahembwa kongererwa umushahara we, bawukuba kabiri kandi akazajya ahembwa kugeza avuye mubuzima.

Galileo yaje kuba umwe mu barimu bahembwa umushahara mwinshi muri iyo kaminuza.

Mu 1609 Galileo yongereye ubushobozi bwa Telescope yari yarakoze ku buryo yari imaze kwiyongeraho incuro 20. Mu kwa cumi nabiri ku wo mwaka, Telecope yari yakoze yari ifite ububasha bwo kureba ku kwezi.

Mu kwezi kwa mbere mu 1610 yari amaze kubona ko ukwezi gufite indi mibumbe igukikije, yaje no gukoresha Telescope abona inyenyeri.

Galileo ku myaka 70 yakomeje gukora, muri Siena yatangiye kwandika ikindi gitabo, gusa hari zimwe mu nyandiko yamazeho igihe zitigeze zijya hanze kubera gushyira ingufu ku mushinga wa telescope.

Mu gusaza Galileo yaje guhinduka impumyi, ariko yakomeje kwigisha abakiri bato barimo Vincenzo Viviani babanye kugeza ku ya 8 mutarama mu 1642 ubwo yashiragamo umwuka.

Ngayo amwe amateka y’umuhanga Galileo Galelei, wavumbuye ko isi izenguruka izuba.

ITANGISHATSE Lionel/Igicumbi News